Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu

Mezofauna tla: Indeksi biodiverziteta i metodologija istraživanja

2026-09-03T10:14:27+00:00

This review paper examines the role of soil mesofauna in maintaining the biological balance and functionality of edaphic ecosystems, with a particular focus on its application as a bioindicator of soil quality in the Balkan region. The aim of the study is to consolidate existing knowledge on the composition of mesofauna, its ecological role, research methodology, and the application of various biodiversity indices in assessing soil status. The analysis is based on a synthesis of relevant scientific literature in the fields of pedoecology and soil biology, including both original and review studies related to forest, agricultural, and urban soils. The results of the review indicate that mesofauna, particularly mites (Acari) and springtails (Collembola), plays a key role in the decomposition of organic matter, stimulation of microbial activity, and nutrient cycling. Furthermore, the high sensitivity of mesofauna to environmental changes has been confirmed, making it a reliable indicator of degradation, pollution, and intensive land use. Analyzed biodiversity indices, including the Soil Biocenosis Quality Index, the Arthropod-Based Soil Biological Quality Index, as well as the Shannon–Wiener, Simpson, and Berger–Parker indices, have proven to be effective tools for assessing the ecological status of soils. It is concluded that the combined application of functional and structural indices, alongside standardized sampling and analytical methodologies, allows for a reliable assessment of soil biological quality and contributes to the development of sustainable land management in the region.

Procjena proizvodnosti staništa u jednodobnim sastojinama Pinus caribaea različitih dobnih razreda primjenom stanišnog indeksa i pokazatelja rasta u Enugu-Ngwo, Nigerija

2026-09-03T10:07:29+00:00

Procjena proizvodnosti staništa i uspješnosti rasta od ključnog je značaja za efikasno gospodarenje šumskim plantažama. U ovom istraživanju analizirana je dinamika rasta i varijabilnost stanišnog indeksa u tri sastojine Pinus caribaea različite starosti (49, 50 i 51 godina) u šumskom rezervatu Enugu-Ngwo u Nigeriji. Podaci o prečniku stabala na prsnoj visini (DBH), visini stabala i temeljnici sistematski su prikupljani na postavljenim oglednim plohama dimenzija 20 × 20 m. Stanišni indeks (SI), temeljnica i dominantna visina korišteni su kao pokazatelji proizvodnosti.

Analiza varijanse pokazala je statistički značajne razlike u parametrima rasta između oglednih ploha i sastojina, ukazujući na izraženu prostornu heterogenost. Vrijednosti stanišnog indeksa kretale su se od 0,652 u sastojini starosti 50 godina do 0,729 u sastojini starosti 49 godina, što ukazuje na značajne razlike u proizvodnosti. Sastojina starosti 49 godina imala je veće vrijednosti prečnika, visine i temeljnice te je pokazala najveću proizvodnost. Neujednačen kvalitet staništa na području rezervata ukazuje na lokalni uticaj okolišnih faktora i historijskih okolnosti gospodarenja.

Općenito, plantaže Pinus caribaea pokazale su visok proizvodni potencijal, posebno sastojina osnovana 1976. godine, kod koje je utvrđena izražena povezanost visine i starosti. Rezultati istraživanja naglašavaju potrebu za primjenom stanišno prilagođenih uzgojnih mjera, fleksibilnim planiranjem ophodnje i kontinuiranim monitoringom radi povećanja prinosa drvne mase i očuvanja dugoročne proizvodnosti šumskih plantaža.

Pojava i udio lažne srži kod stabala i tehničke oblovine bukve (Fagus silvatica L.)

2026-09-03T08:45:05+00:00

This study investigated the occurrence and proportion of false heartwood in beech trees and technical roundwood in relation to diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree age. The research was conducted in four forest compartments dominated by beech, and the sample comprised 300 trees representing a wide range of diameter and age classes. Following tree felling and the production of forest wood assortments, the volume of each assortment was determined using Huber's formula, whereas the volume of false heartwood was calculated according to Smalian's formula. Regression analysis revealed that both DBH and tree age had a statistically significant effect (95% confidence level) on the occurrence of false heartwood and its average proportion in the volume of technical roundwood. False heartwood was found in all trees with a DBH exceeding 50 cm and/or an age greater than 110 years. The occurrence of false heartwood among some relatively young trees at certain sites was primarily associated with mechanical damage and the applied forest management practices. The average proportion of false heartwood in the volume of technical roundwood was 9.36%, ranging from 1.20% in the 10-15 cm diameter class to 17.76% in the 60-65 cm diameter class, where its occurrence was the highest. In addition, the analysis also revealed the occurrence of a double culmination of the observed variable. Knowledge of the occurrence and extent of false heartwood in beech can significantly improve the content and quality of forest management planning by enabling more accurate predictions of the assortment structure of forest wood products obtained from tree felling.

Inventarizacija i analiza dekorativnog i zdravstvenog stanja drveća izletišta Stojčevac na Ilidži

2026-09-03T08:33:05+00:00

This paper presents the results of an inventory and analysis of the decorative and health condition of the dendroflora of the Stojčevac excursion site in Ilidža, conducted in 2024. The research encompassed an area of 20.78 ha, within which 375 trees were recorded and analyzed. The results indicate a dominance of deciduous species (98%) compared to conifers (2%). A total of 33 woody taxa belonging to 13 families were identified, with the highest representation of species from the families Rosaceae and Betulaceae.

The analysis of geographical origin shows a significant presence of Eurasian species (41.1%), while horticultural species account for the smallest share (7.2%). Assessment of tree health condition using the modified Visual Tree Assessment (VTA) method revealed that the majority of trees are in relatively good condition, with over 70% showing no significant damage across observed parameters. However, 29% of trees were classified as diseased, and 38% showed certain types of damage, indicating the need for management and maintenance measures.

The vitality and decorative value of most trees were assessed as high, confirming the ecological and aesthetic importance of the site. The study provides a valuable basis for future planning, and protection of green spaces.

Fitohemijski sastav i biološka aktivnost eteričnih ulja iz Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold i Pinus sylvestris L.

2026-09-03T08:21:52+00:00

Ovo istraživanje imalo je za cilj ispitati hemijski sastav, antioksidativna i antibakterijska svojstva eteričnih ulja crnog bora (Pinus nigra) i bijelog bora (Pinus sylvestris), te evaluirati uticaj ulja na bakterijske biofilmove. Eterična ulja su dobijena metodom hidrodestilacije i analizirana pomoću gasne hromatografije-masene spektrometrije (GC-MS). Kao dominantni hemokonstituenti istraživanih eteričnih ulja identificirani su monoterpeni i seskviterpeni (Tabela 1), koji su prepoznati po svojoj bioaktivnosti. Antioksidativna aktivnost eteričnih ulja je procijenjena DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) metodom, a dobijeni rezultati sugeriraju efekat zavisan od koncentracije (Tabela 2). Antibakterijska aktivnost je testirana na jednu Gram-pozitivnu bakteriju: Staphylococcus aureus i jednu Gram-negativnu bakteriju: Escherichia coli koja proizvodi prošireni spektar beta-laktamaza (ESBL), koristeći metodu difuzije u agaru i mikrodilucijsku tehniku. Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na varijabilan antibakterijski potencijal ispitivanih eteričnih ulja u zavisnosti od vrste ulja i vrste testirane bakterije (Tabela 3). Minimalne inhibitorne koncentracije (MIK) eteričnih ulja određene su mikrodilucijskom metodom, čime je omogućena kvantitativna procjena njihove antibakterijske efektivnosti. Utvrđene MIK vrijednosti razlikovale su se između ispitivanih eteričnih ulja, kao i između Gram-pozitivne i Gram-negativne bakterije, što upućuje na različitu osjetljivost testnih sojeva (Tabela 4). Tokom determinacije MIK vrijednosti, praćene su promjene optičke gustine (OD), a prosječne OD vrijednosti kvadrupleta sa standardnim devijacijama prikazane su grafički pružajući uvid u dinamiku inhibicije rasta bakterija pri različitim koncentracijama eteričnih ulja (Slika 1). Uticaj eteričnih ulja na bakterijske biofilmove je evaluiran metodom kulture tkiva na ploči. Rezultati agar difuzije su sugerirali jače antibakterijsko djelovanje bijelog bora u odnosu na crni bor, što je u korelaciji sa rezultatima mikrodilucijskog testa. Soj S. aureus korišten u ovoj studiji je pokazao kapacitet za formiranje umjereno jakog biofilma, dok je ESBL soj E. coli formirao jaki biofilm (Tabele 5 i 6). Istraživana eterična ulja su ispoljila potencijal promjene kategorije biofilma na način koji je specijski-specifičan i koncentracijski ovisan.