Porodica Fabaceae u polenskom spektru uzoraka meda iz Bosne i Hercegovine
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2025.v55.i2.624Ključne riječi:
Apiflora, Fabaceae, melisopalinologija, polen, med.Sažetak
Floristički sastav medonosne paše koji je određen specifičnom kombinacijom medonosnih biljaka na lokalitetu čini ključni faktor koji definiše fizičke, hemijske kao i biološke osobine meda. Melisopalinološki spektri predstavljaju vjeran odraz florističkog sastava medonosne paše, te je njihova analiza ključna u razumjevanju medonosnog potencijala medonosnog bilja. Cilj ovog istraživanja je na osnovu melisopalinološke analize uzoraka meda utvrditi: a) broj vrsta, b) procentualni udio i c) frekvencu pojavljivanja vrsta porodice Fabaceae u uzorcima meda iz Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH). U okviru istraživanja prikupljeno je i analizirano 100 uzoraka različitih tipova meda sa prostora Bosne i Hercegovine. Melisopalinološkom analizom je identifikovano 47 različitih tipova polena u ukupno 30 000 izbrojanih polenovih zrna. U botaničkom smislu, identifikovan je polen 24 porodica među kojima su najveći melisopalinološki značaj imala porodica Fabaceae, čija su polenova zrna konstatovana u čak 86% analiziranih profila. Na osnovu mikromorfoloških karaktera polenovih zrna identifikovane su sljedeće vrste/rodovi iz porodice Fabaceae: Robinia pseudoacacia L., Lotus corniculatus L., Trifolium pratense L., Trifolium repens L., Amorpha fruticosa L., Lathyrus sp., Medicago sativa L. i Onobrychis sp. Polenova zrna porodice Fabaceae su kao dominantna identifikovana u 22%, kao akcesorna u 40%, kao važna u 21% i kao minorna u 3% palinoloških profila. U okviru rada je prezentirano deset kategorija palinoloških profila koje su diferencirane na osnovu procentualnog udjela polenovih zrna porodice Fabaceae u pojedinačnim uzorcima. Specifično je da je od ukupnog broja uzoraka čak 70% imalo udio polenovih zrna ove porodice više od 10%. Na osnovu rezultata ovog istraživanja može se zaključiti da vrste iz porodice Fabaceae imaju veliki medonosni potencijal i predstavljaju važnu komponentu apiflore BiH. Rezultati istraživanja predstavljaju naučnu osnovu za unapređenje strategije održivog pčelarenja i očuvanje biodiverziteta autohtone apiflore BiH.
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