UTICAJ PATOGENE GLJIVE SPHAEROPSIS SAPINEA NA IZUMIRANJE ČETINARSKIH VRSTA U SRBIJI I CRNOJ GORI
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54652/rsf.2009.v39.i1.168Ključne riječi:
Sphaeropsis sapinea, Pinus decline, Serbia, MontenegroSažetak
UDK 630*44:582.4(497.1)
632.4:582.4(497.1)
Sphaeropsis sapinea je široko rasprostranjena parazitna gljiva u Srbiji i Crnoj Gori. Konstatovana je na Pinus nigra, P. sylvestris, P. halepensis, P. jeffrey, P. peuce, P. pinaster, P. ponderosa, P. peuce, P. pinea, P. mugo, P. heldreichii, Abies concolor, Cedrus atlantica, Chamaecyparis lawsoniana, Cupressus sempervirens, Juniperus virginiana i Thuja occidentalis. Najveće štete uzrokuje u kulturama i urbanim sredinama na crnom i alepskom boru. Pinus heldreichii, tercijerni relikt i balkanski subendemit je nov domaćin u ovim zemljama. Najčešći simptomi su izumiranje pupoljaka, izbojaka i četina iz tekuće vegetacije, grana sa vrha, nekroza i zakržljalost šišarica. Kritičan period za infekcije je od sredine aprila do sredine maja. Može da ostvari infekciju preko pupoljaka u proleće, pre njihovog otvaranja i u leto u vreme njihovog formiranja, kroz koru mladih izbojaka i preko četina. Promena boje inficiranih četina uočljiva je početkom juna, da bi sredinom ovog meseca one postale žutosmeđe. Piknidi gljive konstatovani su na ovogodišnjim izbojcima i četinama, pupoljcima, muškim i ženskim cvetovima, jednogodišnjim i dvogodišnjim šišaricama i u kori starijih grana.
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